SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
Current Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported) August 9, 2019
TWIN DISC, INCORPORATED
(exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
WISCONSIN |
001-7635 |
39-0667110 |
(State or other jurisdiction |
(Commission |
(IRS Employer |
of incorporation) |
File Number) |
Identification No.) |
1328 Racine Street Racine, Wisconsin 53403
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (262)638-4000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of each class |
Trading Symbol(s) |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock (No Par Value) |
TWIN |
The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
[ ] |
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
[ ] |
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
[ ] |
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
[ ] |
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Indicate by check mark whether registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Item 2.02 |
Results of Operations and Financial Condition |
Twin Disc, Incorporated (the “Company”)has reported its fourth quarter 2019 financial results. The Company's press release dated August 9, 2019 announcing the results is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
The information set forth in this Item 2.02 of Form 8-K, including Exhibit 99.1, is furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 and shall not be deemed "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall such information be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
Item 7.01 |
Regulation FD Disclosure |
The information set forth under Item 2.02 of this report is incorporated herein by reference solely for the purposes of this Item 7.01.
The information set forth in this Item 7.01 of Form 8-K is furnished pursuant to Item 7.01 and shall not be deemed "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall such information be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
The disclosures in this report on Form 8-K and in the documents incorporated herein by reference contain or may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “hopes,” “likely,” “will,” and similar expressions identify such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company (or entities in which the Company has interests), or industry results, to differ materially from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Certain factors that could cause the Company’s actual future results to differ materially from those discussed are noted in connection with such statements, but other unanticipated factors could arise. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which reflect management’s view only as of the date of this Form 8-K. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, conditions or circumstances.
Item 9.01 |
Financial Statements and Exhibits |
(c) |
Exhibits |
EXHIBIT NUMBER |
DESCRIPTION |
99.1 |
Press Release announcing fourth quarter 2019 financial results. |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: August 9, 2019 |
Twin Disc, Inc. |
/s/ JEFFREY S. KNUTSON |
|
Jeffrey S. Knutson |
|
Vice President-Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer & Secretary |
Exhibit 99.1
NEWS RELEASE
Corporate Offices:
1328 Racine Street
Racine, WI 53403
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Jeffrey S. Knutson
(262) 638-4242
TWIN DISC, INC. ANNOUNCES FISCAL 2019
FOURTH QUARTER FINANCIAL RESULTS
● Veth Acquisition Accretive to EBITDA for Fiscal 2019 |
● Marine Markets Represent 48% of Total Sales for Fiscal 2019 |
● Generated $6,697,000 in Operating Cash Flow for the Fiscal 2019 Fourth Quarter |
● Focused on Executing Strategic Growth Plan and Improving Profitability |
RACINE, WISCONSIN—August 9, 2019 — Twin Disc, Inc. (NASDAQ: TWIN), today reported financial results for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Sales for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter were $72,447,000, compared to $73,774,000 for the same period last year. The 1.8% decrease in 2019 fourth quarter sales was primarily due to reduced demand for the Company’s 8500 series transmission systems from North American fracking customers, partially offset by stable activity in the global industrial and commercial marine markets, and the contribution of Veth Propulsion. For the fiscal 2019 full year, sales were $302,663,000, compared to $240,733,000 for fiscal 2018, an increase of 25.7%.
Commenting on the results, John H. Batten, Chief Executive Officer, said: “Continued operational challenges associated with manufacturing and supply chain issues, compounded by a weak oil and gas environment, significantly impacted profitability during the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter. I am pleased with the meaningful progress we made executing our long-term strategic plan, which is focused on diversifying our product, geographic, and end market exposure, investing in our manufacturing and supply chain capabilities, and creating an agile and profit focused platform.”
“The Veth Propulsion acquisition was an important milestone and its fiscal 2019 financial performance was in line with our initial expectations. During fiscal 2019, we have completed most of the integration of Veth Propulsion, expanded Veth’s presence in the U.S. and improved our mix of marine sales. In fact, Veth’s backlog has increased approximately 30% since we acquired the business in July 2018. Overall, marine markets represented 48% of fiscal 2019’s total sales, compared to 38% last fiscal year. Our focus on diversification significantly helped us absorb the fourth quarter’s weak oil and gas market environment and confirms the benefits of our diversification strategy. I am pleased with Veth’s performance as it contributed to both sales and cash earnings for fiscal 2019. Based on current trends, we continue to believe the Veth Propulsion acquisition will generate diluted GAAP earnings accretion of $0.30 per share once fully integrated.”
Gross profit percent for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter was 22.7%, compared to 37.4% in the fiscal 2018 fourth quarter. The decrease in gross profit percent for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter compared to the fiscal 2018 fourth quarter was primarily due to a less profitable mix of revenues associated with reduced new rig construction and aftermarket demand in the North American fracking market and volume shifting to lower margin products. Margin was also impacted by a move to higher cost suppliers in order to meet production demands. The Company is actively pursuing cost reduction and pricing initiatives to improve gross margin and overall profitability. For the fiscal 2019 full year, gross profit was 29.6%, compared to 33.5% for the fiscal 2018 full year.
For the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter, marketing, engineering and administrative (ME&A) expenses decreased $1,811,000 to $16,272,000, compared to $18,083,000 for the fiscal 2018 fourth quarter. The fourth quarter decrease was due to lower professional fees ($1,078,000), bonus expense ($2,055,000) and the impact of the Mill Log divestiture ($1,138,000). These decreases were partially offset by the incremental Veth expense ($2,654,000). For the fiscal 2019 full year, ME&A expenses increased $10,446,000, or 17.1%, to $71,541,000, compared to $61,095,000 for the fiscal 2018 full year. As a percent of revenues, for the fiscal 2019 full year, ME&A expenses improved to 23.6%, compared to 25.4% for the fiscal 2018 full year.
Twin Disc recorded restructuring charges of $441,000 in the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter, compared to restructuring charges of $897,000 in the same period last fiscal year. Restructuring activities during the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter related primarily to cost reduction and productivity actions at the Company’s European operations. For the fiscal 2019 full year, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $1,179,000, compared to $3,398,000 for the fiscal 2018 full year.
The fiscal 2019 full year effective tax rate was 25.6% compared to the fiscal 2018 rate of 33.1%. The lower fiscal 2019 rate was primarily the result of the full year impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was enacted in the middle of the Company’s prior fiscal year. The prior year was also impacted by two significant discrete adjustments. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $3,800,000 related to the reversal of a valuation allowance in a certain foreign jurisdiction that had been subject to a full valuation allowance. During the second quarter of the prior fiscal year, in compliance with the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company recorded a non-cash tax expense of $3,800,000, primarily due to a remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, a rate change in Belgium resulted in a $400,000 non-cash tax expense due to remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The mix of earnings by jurisdiction, smaller discrete adjustments and continued operational improvement explain the remaining movement in the Company’s effective tax rate.
The net loss attributable to Twin Disc for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter was $(822,000), or $(0.06) per diluted share, compared to net income of $5,941,000 or $0.51 per diluted share, for the fiscal 2018 fourth quarter. For the fiscal 2019 full year, net income attributable to Twin Disc was $10,673,000, or $0.83 per diluted share, compared to net income of $9,528,000 or $0.82 per share for the fiscal 2018 full year.
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA)* was $2,868,000 for the fiscal 2019 fourth quarter, compared to $9,925,000 for the fiscal 2018 fourth quarter. For the fiscal 2019 full year, EBITDA was $29,923,000 compared to $21,047,000 for the fiscal 2018 full year.
Jeffrey S. Knutson, Vice President – Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary, stated: “During fiscal 2019 we completed several corporate actions to improve and invest in our long-term business platform and I am pleased with the successful follow-on offering completed in September 2018, as well as the strategic divestiture of Mill Log, which we completed during this year’s third quarter. We invested nearly $12,000,000 of capital expenditures this past fiscal year, nearly double that of the prior year, and expect to invest $12,000,000 to $14,000,000 in fiscal 2020. The investments we are making are focused on improving our operations, upgrading our manufacturing capabilities, and increasing our overall productivity. In addition, throughout fiscal 2020 we will continue to focus on operating cash flow, reducing leverage, and efficient balance sheet management.”
Mr. Batten concluded: “Our six-month backlog at June 30, 2019 was $99,593,000, compared to $113,703,000 at March 29, 2019 and $114,979,000 at June 30, 2018. As we enter the new fiscal year, we are focused on improving our performance, investing in our operations, and creating an infrastructure to support Twin Disc for the future. Components of this plan include our new operations facility in Texas, which is scheduled to open in the first calendar quarter of 2020, and our expanded Wisconsin distribution center, which opened in May 2019 and is now running at peak performance. We expect the investments we are making will start contributing to financial results during the second half of fiscal 2020. In addition, based on our current backlog of orders, we expect oil and gas market demand will remain soft throughout the fiscal 2020 first half. Despite the near-term market and operational challenges, we believe we are headed in the right direction to support our business and create shareholder value for the long-term.”
Twin Disc will be hosting a conference call to discuss these results and to answer questions at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Friday, August 9, 2019. To participate in the conference call, please dial 888-394-8218 five to ten minutes before the call is scheduled to begin. A replay will be available from 2:00 p.m. August 9, 2019, until midnight August 16, 2019. The number to hear the teleconference replay is 844-512-2921. The access code for the replay is 2203957.
The conference call will also be broadcast live over the Internet. To listen to the call via the Internet, access Twin Disc's website at http://ir.twindisc.com and follow the instructions at the web cast link. The archived webcast will be available shortly after the call on the Company's website.
About Twin Disc, Inc.
Twin Disc, Inc. designs, manufactures and sells marine and heavy-duty off-highway power transmission equipment. Products offered include marine transmissions, azimuth drives, surface drives, propellers and boat management systems, as well as power-shift transmissions, hydraulic torque converters, power take-offs, industrial clutches and control systems. The Company sells its products to customers primarily in the pleasure craft, commercial and military marine markets, as well as in the energy and natural resources, government and industrial markets. The Company’s worldwide sales to both domestic and foreign customers are transacted through a direct sales force and a distributor network.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release may contain statements that are forward looking as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission in its rules, regulations and releases. The Company intends that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby. All forward-looking statements are based on current expectations regarding important risk factors including those identified in the Company’s most recent periodic report and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, actual results may differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements, and the making of such statements should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the results expressed therein will be achieved.
*Non-GAAP Financial Disclosures
Financial information excluding the impact of asset impairments, restructuring charges, foreign currency exchange rate changes and the impact of acquisitions, if any, in this press release are not measures that are defined in U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). These items are measures that management believes are important to adjust for in order to have a meaningful comparison to prior and future periods and to provide a basis for future projections and for estimating our earnings growth prospects. Non-GAAP measures are used by management as a performance measure to judge profitability of our business absent the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and acquisitions. Management analyzes the company’s business performance and trends excluding these amounts. These measures, as well as EBITDA, provide a more consistent view of performance than the closest GAAP equivalent for management and investors. Management compensates for this by using these measures in combination with the GAAP measures. The presentation of the non-GAAP measures in this press release are made alongside the most directly comparable GAAP measures.
Definition – Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
The sum of, net earnings and adding back provision for income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization expenses: this is a financial measure of the profit generated excluding the above mentioned items.
--Financial Results Follow--
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (loss) INCOME (In thousands, except per-share data; unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
Quarter Ended |
Year Ended |
|||||||||||||||
June 30, 2019 |
June 30, 2018 |
June 30, 2019 |
June 30, 2018 |
|||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 72,447 | $ | 73,774 | $ | 302,663 | $ | 240,733 | ||||||||
Cost of goods sold |
55,996 | 46,170 | 213,022 | 160,092 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit |
16,451 | 27,604 | 89,641 | 80,641 | ||||||||||||
Marketing, engineering and |
||||||||||||||||
administrative expenses |
16,272 | 18,083 | 71,541 | 61,095 | ||||||||||||
Restructuring expenses |
441 | 897 | 1,179 | 3,398 | ||||||||||||
Other operating income |
(220 | ) | - | (1,577 | ) | - | ||||||||||
(Loss) income from operations |
(42 | ) | 8,624 | 18,498 | 16,148 | |||||||||||
Interest Expense |
(344 | ) | (55 | ) | (1,927 | ) | (282 | ) | ||||||||
Other expense, net |
(456 | ) | (240 | ) | (2,064 | ) | (1,446 | ) | ||||||||
(800 | ) | (295 | ) | (3,991 | ) | (1,728 | ) | |||||||||
(Loss) income before income |
(842 | ) | 8,329 | 14,507 | 14,420 | |||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense |
(69 | ) | 2,373 | 3,711 | 4,773 | |||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
(773 | ) | 5,956 | 10,796 | 9,647 | |||||||||||
Less: Net earnings attributable to |
||||||||||||||||
noncontrolling interest, net of tax |
(49 | ) | (15 | ) | (123 | ) | (119 | ) | ||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to Twin Disc |
$ | (822 | ) | $ | 5,941 | $ | 10,673 | $ | 9,528 | |||||||
Net (loss) income per share data: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic (loss) income per share attributable to Twin Disc common shareholders |
$ | (0.06 | ) | $ | 0.51 | $ | 0.84 | $ | 0.82 | |||||||
Diluted (loss) income per share attributable to Twin Disc common shareholders |
$ | (0.06 | ) | $ | 0.51 | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.82 | |||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding data: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic shares outstanding |
12,991 | 11,315 | 12,571 | 11,295 | ||||||||||||
Diluted shares outstanding |
13,129 | 11,415 | 12,690 | 11,395 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: |
||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income |
$ | (773 | ) | $ | 5,956 | $ | 10,796 | $ | 9,647 | |||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
546 | (3,897 | ) | (2,671 | ) | 981 | ||||||||||
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of taxes of $156, $0, $156 and $0, respectively |
(509 | ) | - | (509 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Benefit plan adjustments, net of taxes of ($1,679), $2,043, ($1,242), and $3,207, respectively |
(5,548 | ) | 5,242 | (4,121 | ) | 7,924 | ||||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income |
(6,284 | ) | 7,301 | 3,495 | 18,552 | |||||||||||
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(46 | ) | (50 | ) | (98 | ) | (145 | ) | ||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Twin Disc |
$ | (6,330 | ) | $ | 7,251 | $ | 3,397 | $ | 18,407 |
Reconciliation of Consolidated net (loss) INCOME to EBITDA (In thousands; unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended |
|||||||||||||||
June 30, 2019 |
June 30, 2018 |
June 30, 2019 |
June 30, 2018 |
|||||||||||||
Net (loss) income attributable to Twin Disc |
$ | (822 | ) | $ | 5,941 | $ | 10,673 | $ | 9,528 | |||||||
Interest expense |
344 | 55 | 1,927 | 282 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes |
(69 | ) | 2,373 | 3,711 | 4,773 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3,415 | 1,556 | 13,612 | 6,464 | ||||||||||||
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization |
$ | 2,868 | $ | 9,925 | $ | 29,923 | $ | 21,047 |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS |
||||||||
(In thousands; unaudited) |
||||||||
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
2019 |
2018 |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash |
$ | 12,362 | $ | 15,171 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable, net |
44,013 | 45,422 | ||||||
Inventories |
125,893 | 84,001 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
11,681 | 8,423 | ||||||
Other |
8,420 | 6,252 | ||||||
Total current assets |
202,369 | 159,269 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
71,258 | 55,467 | ||||||
Goodwill, net |
27,829 | 2,692 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
18,178 | 18,056 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
22,853 | 1,906 | ||||||
Other assets |
3,758 | 3,850 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 346,245 | $ | 241,240 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Short-term borrowings and current maturities of long-term debt |
$ | 2,000 | $ | - | ||||
Accounts payable |
31,468 | 29,368 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
39,609 | 32,976 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
73,077 | 62,344 | ||||||
Long-term debt |
40,491 | 4,824 | ||||||
Lease obligations |
14,683 | 6,527 | ||||||
Accrued retirement benefits |
25,878 | 21,068 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
6,804 | 1,203 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
2,494 | 1,658 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
163,427 | 97,624 | ||||||
Twin Disc shareholders’ equity: |
||||||||
Preferred shares authorized: 200,000; issued: none; no par value |
- | - | ||||||
Common shares authorized: 30,000,000; Issued: 14,632,802 and 13,099,468, respectively; no par value |
45,047 | 11,570 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
196,472 | 178,896 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(37,971 | ) | (23,792 | ) | ||||
203,548 | 166,674 | |||||||
Less treasury stock, at cost (1,392,524 and 1,545,783 shares, respectively) |
21,332 | 23,677 | ||||||
Total Twin Disc shareholders' equity |
182,216 | 142,997 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
602 | 619 | ||||||
Total equity |
182,818 | 143,616 | ||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |
$ | 346,245 | $ | 241,240 |
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (In thousands, unaudited) |
||||||||
For the Year Ended |
||||||||
June 30, 2019 |
June 30, 2018 |
|||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 10,796 | $ | 9,647 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used) |
||||||||
provided by operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
9,335 | 6,464 | ||||||
Amortization of inventory fair value step-up |
4,277 | - | ||||||
Stock compensation expense |
2,591 | 2,062 | ||||||
Restructuring of operations |
- | 238 | ||||||
Gain on sale of Mill Log |
(768 | ) | - | |||||
Gain on contingent consideration of Veth Propulsion acquisition |
(809 | ) | - | |||||
Provision for deferred income taxes |
6,846 | 3,004 | ||||||
Other, net |
84 | (63 | ) | |||||
Net change in operating assets and liabilities |
(37,813 | ) | (14,841 | ) | ||||
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities |
(5,461 | ) | 6,511 | |||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
Capital expenditures |
(11,979 | ) | (6,328 | ) | ||||
Acquisition of Veth Propulsion, less cash acquired |
(60,195 | ) | - | |||||
Proceeds from sale of plant assets |
239 | 152 | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of business |
5,158 | - | ||||||
Proceeds from life insurance policy |
101 | - | ||||||
Other, net |
(233 | ) | (128 | ) | ||||
Net cash used by investing activities |
(66,909 | ) | (6,304 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net |
32,210 | - | ||||||
Borrowings under long-term debt agreement |
44,480 | - | ||||||
Borrowings under revolving loan agreement |
147,854 | 80,642 | ||||||
Repayments under revolving loan agreement |
(129,548 | ) | (82,143 | ) | ||||
Repayments of long-term borrowings |
(24,752 | ) | - | |||||
Payments of withholding taxes on stock compensation |
(1,005 | ) | (422 | ) | ||||
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest |
(115 | ) | (172 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
36 | 29 | ||||||
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities |
69,160 | (2,066 | ) | |||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
401 | 663 | ||||||
Net change in cash |
(2,809 | ) | (1,196 | ) | ||||
Cash: |
||||||||
Beginning of year |
15,171 | 16,367 | ||||||
End of year |
$ | 12,362 | $ | 15,171 |